Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, without distinction of nationality, place of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, color, religion, language, or other status. We all have the same human rights without discrimination. These rights are all interrelated, interdependent and indivisible.
Universal human rights are often expressed and guaranteed by law for it, through treaties, customary international law, general principles and other sources of international law. International law establishes human rights obligations of governments to take action in certain situations, or to refrain from acting in a certain way in others, to promote and protect human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups .
The Articles of the Universal Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen are:
I. Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. The distinctions can be founded only on public utility.
II. The aim of all political association is the preservation of the natural and imprescriptible rights of man. These rights are liberty , property , security and resistance to oppression.
III. The source of all sovereignty resides essentially in the nation , no individual and no corporation can be coated any authority which does not emanate directly from it.
IV . Freedom is being able to do anything that does not harm others. The exercise of the natural rights of each man has no limits except those which assure to the other members of society the enjoyment of the same rights. These limits can only be determined by law.
V. The law can only prohibit actions detrimental to society. What is not prohibited by law can not be prevented . No one can be compelled to that which the law does not order .
VI. The law is an expression of the will of the community. All citizens have the right to work in their training, either personally or through their representatives . Must be equal for all , is to protect or to punish . All citizens being equal in its sight, are equally eligible to all high offices , public positions and employments , according to their different abilities , without any other distinction than that created by their virtues and talents .
VII . No person shall be accused , arrested and held in confinement , except in the cases determined by law, and according to the forms which it has prescribed . All who promote, solicit , perform or cause to be executed arbitrary orders must be punished , and every citizen called or apprehended by virtue of the law must obey immediately , and renders himself culpable by resistance.
VIII. The law should not impose other penalties than those which are strictly and obviously necessary , and no one can be punished except by virtue of a law promulgated prior to the offense and legally applied .
IX. Every man is presumed innocent until he has been convicted before . If you assume that his arrest is necessary , any more than is necessary rigor to ensure his person must be severely repressed by law .
X. No man should be molested on account of his opinions , even for their religious opinions, provided his avowal of them does not disturb the public order established by law.
Declaration of the Rights of Women and the Citizen
The Declaration of the Rights of Women and the Citizen (French Déclaration des Droits de la Femme et de la Citoyenne) is a text written in 1791 by Olympe de Gouges1 2 for paraphrasing the Declaration of Rights of Man and of the Citizen of 26 August 1789, the basic text of the French Revolution. It is one of the first historical documents proposing the emancipation of women in the sense of equal rights or legal equality and legal status of women relative to men.
Articles of the Declaration:
I - Woman is born free and remains equal to man in rights. Social distinctions may be founded only upon the general good .
II - The aim of every political association is the preservation of the natural and imprescriptible rights of woman and man , and these rights are liberty , property , security and , especially , resistance to oppression.
III - The principle of all sovereignty resides essentially in the nation that is just the meeting of the Women and Men : no body , no individual may exercise any authority which does not emanate from them.
IV - Freedom and justice are to return everything that belongs to the other , so the exercise of the natural rights of women by limits only perpetual tyranny that man opposes him , these limits should be punishable by law of nature and of reason.
V - The laws of nature and reason forbid all actions detrimental to society : everything that is not prohibited by these laws, prudent and divine , can not be prevented and no one can be forced to do what they do not order .
VI - The law must be the expression of the general will all and male citizens must participate in training personally or through their representatives. Must be the same for all, all citizens and all citizens , being equal in its eyes , shall be equally eligible to all dignities , positions and employments , according to their abilities and without distinction except that of their virtues and talents.
VII - No woman is exempt from being charged , arrested and detained in cases determined by law women and men obey this rigorous law .
VIII - The Law must prescribe only strict penalties and obviously necessary , and no one can be punished except by virtue of a law established and promulgated prior to the offense and legally applied to women.
IX - On every woman who has been convicted fall all the rigor of the law
X - No one should be molested for his opinions even essential , if a woman has the right to mount the scaffold, must equally have the climbing to the rostrum, provided that her demonstrations do not disturb the public order established by law
Declaration of the Rights of the Child:
The Declaration of the Rights of the Child is an international treaty adopted on November 20, 1959 unanimously by all 78 Member States which composed then the United Nations.
This statement recognizes the boy and the girl as " human being able to develop physically, mentally, socially , morally and spiritually in freedom and dignity ."
Its 10 articles refer to the following rights:
The right to equality, regardless of race , religion , language, nationality , sex , political opinion ...
The right to special protection for physical , mental and social .
The right to a name and nationality from birth .
The right to education and special treatment for children who suffer from mental or physical disabilities .
The right understanding and love of parents and society .
The right to recreational activities and a free education .
The right to be among the first to receive help in all circumstances.
The right to protection from all forms of neglect, cruelty and exploitation.
The right to be brought up in a spirit of understanding, tolerance , friendship among peoples and universal brotherhood .
